The Fundamentals of 5-Axis Machining
5-axis machining is a unique manufacturing process that permits machining tools to maneuver in 5 different directions. 5-axis machining can be compared to 3-axis machining, with the only difference that the former has 2 extra axes.
In the 3-axis machining, the cutting tool operates along 3 axes — X, Y & Z — and is generally used for drilling holes, cutting sharp edges, and milling slots, etc. The movement of 3-axis machining is set back to front (Y- / Y+), side to side (X- / X+) and up and down (Z- / Z+).
In comparison, 5-axis machining employs not only the 3 axes used in 3-axis machining but also 2 additional axes which are defined as A-axis and B-axis. There is also the C-axis, which when utilized, replaces the rotation of either the A-axis or B-axis. Rather than only operating horizontally and vertically as in the case of the XY and Z-axis of 3-axis machining, A-axis, B-axis and C-axis machining rotate. A-axis rotates around the X-axis, B-axis rotates around the Y-axis, and C- axis rotates around the Z-axis.
This intricate and simultaneous machining process which encompasses vertical, horizontal and rotational movements allow for exceptional flexibility and access to all surfaces of the product during its production
Most 5-axis machines have a trunnion table which is a rotational table that rotates around the X-axis and the Z-axis of the machine. With 5-axis machining the A-axis rotates around the X-axis and the C-axis rotates around Z-axis.
